Endothelial cells line the blood vessels and, therefore, are vital for hemostasis. They are also essential for the transport of cells across the vessels and for maintaining a barrier for the underlying tissue. Their role in inflammation, adhesion, and coagulation has gained attention due to their implication in vascular disorders. Their ubiquitous presence can turn a localized disease into a systemic one.

Research on human primary endothelial cells has revealed the adaptation of these cells to tissue. Therefore, each tissue-specific endothelial primary cell is unique in its phenotype and genotype. The varied surface markers can be used to identify subpopulations and target therapeutics. Previously considered as a static barrier, endothelial cells have emerged as key players in health and disease. The scientific studies have grown substantially to develop novel therapeutics based on these cells.

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